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By Walter G. Steblez Slovakia continued to be a modest regional producer of a variety of minerals. The major industries in the metals sector involved the production of aluminum and steel. Steel production was based largely on imported raw materials, and aluminum production was based entirely on imported bauxite and alumina.









By Walter G. Steblez Bulgaria's minerals industry encompassed the mining, beneficiation, smelting, and refining of base and precious metals and their working to the stage of semimanufactures. The country's mineral industry also included the mining, extraction, and refining of mineral fuels (mainly coal) and such





By Walter G. Steblez The Czech Republic was an important Central European producer of heavy industrial goods in the toolmaking, machine building, and chemical sectors of industry. Regionally important mineral industries included steelmaking and industrial minerals, as well as construction materials production.







We provide science about the natural hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods; the water, energy, minerals, and other natural resources we rely on; the health of our ecosystems and environment; and the impacts of climate and land-use change. Our scientists develop new methods and tools to supply timely, relevant, and useful information about the Earth and …



By Walter G. Steblez ALBANIA Mineral deposits that usually have been associated with Albania include those of chromite, copper ore, natural gas, nickeliferous iron ore, and petroleum. Of the metal ores, only chromite was mined in 2003. From the 1960s through the late 1980s, Albania was among the world's top three producers and exporters of ...



By Walter G. Steblez Bulgaria was a regional producer of nonferrous metal ores and concentrates that met most of the country's domestic and export requirements. Small quantities of iron and manganese ores and a variety of industrial minerals also were mined (asbestos, barite, fluorspar, gypsum, and limestone), largely for domestic consumption.



By Walter G. Steblez The Czech Republic reported positive economic The mining code of the Czech Republic (consolidated text performance for 1994. The country's gross domestic product grew by about 2.6% compared with that of 1993 and industrial output rose by 2.3% during the same period. The steep decline in industrial output that occurred from 1991



DeYoung and Menzie (1999) examined the relations among population, Gross Domestic Product, and mineral consumption (aluminum, cement, copper, and salt) for Japan, Korea, and the United States between 1965 and 1995. They noted the extremely rapid growth of consumption in Korea between 1975 and 1995. Concomitantly, Korea's …



DeYoung and Menzie (1999) examined the relations among population, Gross Domestic Product, and mineral consumption (aluminum, cement, copper, and salt) for Japan, Korea, and the United States between 1965 and 1995. They noted the extremely rapid growth of consumption in Korea between 1975 and 1995. Concomitantly, Korea's …





By Walter G. Steblez In 1998, Macedonia's economy grew and stabilized as evidenced by increases in the gross domestic product (GDP) [3.5% (preliminary)] and in industrial production (about 5.7%) as compared with those of 1997 (Skopje MIC, 1999). Metal processing and iron and steel production were among the major



ferrochromium plant (Steblez, 1994). Albania's output of copper ore, grading between 1.5% to 4% copper, had reached its greatest level at about 1 million metric tons per year in the late 1980's. All copper ore was mined underground. With the exception of the Rehove Mine and beneficiation plant in southeastern Albania, copper was mined,





By Walter G. Steblez The Czech Republic was an important Central European producer of heavy industrial goods manufactured by the country's toolmaking, machine building, and chemical industries. Steelmaking, the mining and processing of industrial minerals, and construction materials production continued to be of regional and domestic importance.












